Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens isolated from patients with urine tract infections admitted to a university hospital in a medium-sized Brazilian city

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher's exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Sexual function in Brazilian female adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the sexual function of Brazilian adolescents and young women who were using popular contraceptive methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study took place in 2012-2014 in a free family planning clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Participants were female adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years) who were using barrier (condom) or hormonal contraceptive methods. The Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to assess the sexual function in the last 4 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 199 women (128 adolescents and 71 young adults) were included. There were no significant differences in the mean total Female Sexual Function Index scores of adolescents and young adults (26.6±5.7 versus 27.6±6.2, respectively, p=0.264). Compared to young adults, adolescents had significantly lower mean scores for orgasm (3.9±1.5 versus 4.4±1.4, p=0.020) and dyspareunia (4.4±1.6 versus 5.2±1.5, p=0.001; lower scores indicate more dyspareunia). There were no significant differences in the proportion of adolescents versus adults classified as being at risk for sexual dysfunction (38.3 versus 42.3%, p=0.651) or at risk of low desire (18.0 versus 21.1%, p=0.579). CONCLUSION: Nearly 40% of Brazilian female adolescents and young adults are at risk for sexual dysfunctional symptoms and 19% have low desire, without significant differences between the two age groups.

Gravidez e maternidade de adolescentes: fatores de risco e de proteção / Pregnancy and maternity of adolescents: risk and protector factors

INTRODUÇÃO: a procriação na adolescência é parte das preocupações relativas à saúde e desenvolvimento de jovens, a despeito de seu significado não necessariamente negativo. OBJETIVO: o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar competência, problemas psicológicos e indicativos de fatores de risco e de proteção ao desenvolvimento num grupo de adolescentes grávidas e mães. MÉTODO: com uso do Youth Self Report (YSR) e da Escala de fatores de proteção/risco na maternidade adolescente (FRIP), foram pesquisadas 46 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Baixada Santista: 27 gestantes primigestas e 19 mães primíparas com filhos menores de um ano. RESULTADO: níveis de competência foram menores nas adolescentes gestantes e mães mais pobres. A pobreza não ficou associada a indicadores de problemas psicológicos, que foram avaliados na amostra com tendência à faixa de normalidade. As mães apresentaram referências de qualidades pessoais em níveis significativamente maiores do que as gestantes. Esperanças e sonhos para a própria vida além do contato positivo com a família e com o pai da criança foram fatores de proteção apontados, enquanto proximidade de moradia ao tráfico de entorpecentes foi o principal fator de risco identificado. CONCLUSÃO: fatores de proteção nos contextos ambientais das adolescentes pesquisadas podem estar interrelacionados ao desenvolvimento da competência, importante recurso frente à situação da maternidade de adolescentes